Efficient cabin heating and thermal management in electric vehicles are crucial for enhancing passenger comfort, extending battery life, and optimizing overall energy usage, thus contributing to the sustainability and practicality of electric transportation. Heating the cabin of electric vehicles in winter has a negative effect on range.
When you turn on the heater in an electric car, electric heating elements embedded in the seats and floor warm up to create a cozy environment for you and your passengers. Some cars even have heated steering wheels to keep your hands warm on those cold winter mornings.
EVs rely entirely on electricity to produce heat for their cabins, and early electric cars like the original Nissan Leaf and Mitsubishi i-MiEV used resistive heating for this process. (Some modern EVs like the Rivian R1T still do.) The process is fairly simple and works a lot like a space heater you might find in a home.
The first thing to know about heaters in EVs is that they differ from the ones found in gas-powered vehicles. Internal combustion engines produce a lot of heat, and some of that heat is directed into the cabin to warm your passengers on a cold winter's morning. Electric cars, of course, don't have engines. So how are their cabins heated?
Yes, most Electric Vehicles do have heaters in the cabin. They typically use a resistive heater, which works by converting electricity into heat. This is the same type of heating element that's found in many space heaters.
As mentioned earlier, the electric vehicle in the study has a battery range of 75 km with a 5.5 kWh capacity, which can be used for range calculations. Without the designed heating system, this amount of energy presented in the Fig. 10 would have been drawn from the vehicle's battery.
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