At present, new energy trams mostly use an on-board energy storage power supply method, and by using a single energy storage component such as batteries, or supercapacitors.
The greater the distance between stations, the greater the demand energy. The first interval has the largest distance and maximum energy consumption. If the recovered braking energy is not included, the energy consumption is 7.012 kwh. Fig. 3. DC bus demand energy curve. The tram adopts the power supply mode of catenary free and on-board SESS.
In order to meet the cruising energy demand of the tram, the available energy of the power battery pack should meet the following requirements when the tram traveling at a fixed speed of at the maximum speed .
The new energy trams have significantly higher passenger capacity than buses, significantly lower investment prices, and lower construction cycle than the metro.
The tram adopts the power supply mode of catenary free and on-board SESS. The whole operation process is powered by a SESS. The SESS only supplements electric energy within 30s after entering each station. The power supply parameters of the on-board ESS are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Power supply parameters of on-board ESS.
To address the above issues, the optimal sizing model of HESS for trams is developed based on a constant power threshold, which provides an effective energy storage system (ESS) configuration scheme for the reliable operation of trams. The main innovations of this paper are provided as follows.
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